List of sanctions

UN counter-terrorism measures after the 1998 Al Qaida attacks preceded initial UN sanctions on Taliban-controlled Afghanistan via UNSCR 1267 in 1999. UNSCRs on Afghanistan, Taliban, ISIL (Da’esh) and Al-Qaida are endorsed in the US Counter Terrorism and EU sanctions programs on Afghanistan and Terrorism.

The US sanctions program on the Balkans to protect the Dayton Agreement was, up to end-2001, alongside UN and EU sanctions programs. The EU’s current sanctions programs include Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia. The US sanctions program targets threats to stability in the Western Balkans.

The current US sanctions program on Belarus targets the actions of government members who undermine democracy in Belarus. The Council of the EU adopted restrictive measures against certain Belarus officials and due to the grave situation in Belarus, but most were lifted in February 2016.

In March 2011 the EU adopted a framework to impose restrictive measures against certain natural and legal persons undermining the sovereignty, territorial integrity, constitutional order and international personality of Bosnia and Herzegovina, or threatening security. The US has a Balkans sanctions program.

In October 2015, the EU imposed targeted restrictive measure against those undermining democracy Burundi as well as those involved in violating international human rights. The US established a sanctions program on Burundi in November 2015 in response to the unrest there in 2015.

In December 2013, the UNSCR 2127 imposed an arms embargo against the CAR. The EU implemented this in December 2013. In January 2014, the UN adopted UNSCR 2134 to protect stability. The US started its sanctions program on the CAR in May 2014.

The US, EU and UN have sanctions programs specifically geared to preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, including chemical weapons.

The EU passed sanctions on China after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, strongly condemning China’s repression, requesting that China respect human rights, freedom and democracy. Although not in a formal US country sanctions program, China was designated by the US as a currency manipulator in August 2019.

In August 2017, the US President signed into law the “Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act” (Public Law 115-44) (CAATSA), which imposes sanctions on Iran, Russia, and North Korea.

The US has a sanctions program which is targeted to counter narcotics trafficking around the world. The UNODC works together with the EU on related initiatives as well.

The US, the UN and the EU have sanctions programs and measures aimed at combating terrorism around the world.

The longest-running US sanctions program, the first embargo on Cuba was in 1958, and extended in 1962 to a comprehensive embargo program against Cuba, after the Cuban missile crisis and Cuba’s anti-US actions. The UN has condemned the US embargo on Cuba since 1992.

The EU established the new sanctions regime in May 2019, introducing targeted restrictive measures including an asset freeze and travel ban for those responsible for cyber-attacks threatening the EU or its Member States. The US has a Cyber-related sanctions program in force as well.

The US has a Cyber-related sanctions program to combat the threat of cyber-related attacks. The EU has a Cyber-attacks sanctions program.

The EU initially imposed an arms embargo on then-Zaire in 1993, and added measures to combat human rights and rule of law abuses with the advent of UNSCR 1493 in 2003 and subsequent measures. The US sanctions program on the DRC started in 2006.

On 21 February 2011, EU imposed restrictive measures on persons misappropriating Egyptian State funds. The aim is to recover the assets misappropriated from Egypt.

The US initiated the Foreign Interference in a US Election sanctions program in September 2018 to combat outside (non-US) interference in US elections.

In October 2009 the EU imposed an arms embargo, asset freeze and travel ban against the government. In December 2009, the EU prohibited the supply of equipment for internal repression. In April 2014 the embargo on arms and equipment for internal repression was lifted.

In May 2012 the EU imposed travel restrictions and an asset freeze were imposed to prevent rule of law abuses. UNSCR 2048 from May 2012 imposed a travel ban on those seeking to undermine stability in Guinea-Bissau.

This regime is limited to a prohibition to satisfy claims by the authorities of Haiti over contracts and transactions whose performance is affected by the measures taken in accordance with UNSCRs 917 (1994), 841 (1993), 873 (1993) and 875 (1993).

The US ended participation in the JCPOA and fully re-imposed its sanctions program on Iran from November 2018. The EU and the UN remain committed to the JCPOA. The EU has sanctions on serious human rights violations, and the UN and EU have sanctions over WMD non-proliferation. The US CAATSA sanctions program also targets Iran.

In 1990 the UN, US and EU adopted a financial and trade embargo on Iraq. In May 2003 the UN lifted all restrictive measures against Iraq, except the arms embargo. Restrictions remain on petro-related exports and trade in Iraq’s cultural heritage, and an asset freeze on Saddam Hussein’s regime. The US sanctions program lifted broad-based sanctions in 2010, but certain restrictions remain.

The EU & UN imposed restrictive measures in the UNSCR 1701 (2006) on Lebanon, and restrictive measures in the UNSCR 1636 (2005) after the 14 February 2005 terrorist bombing in Beirut. The US sanctions program began in August 2007 to target the undermining of democracy in Lebanon.

The EU prohibited certain claims over transactions prohibited by UNSCR 883 (1993) and related resolutions, and followed the UNSCR 1970 in February 2011, over serious human rights abuses. The US sanctions program started in February 2011 with property blocking, with further property blocking, entry restrictions in April 2016.

In 2012 the US set up a Magnitsky sanctions program to combat human rights violations by Russian officials alleged to be responsible for the death of Sergei Magnitsky in custody in Russia. Sanctions include the prohibition of their entry to the US and access to the US banking system.

In 2016 the US Global Magnitsky sanctions program was set up to target human rights violations internationally carried out by foreign governments or authority figures.

In September 2017, the UNSCR 2374 imposed travel restrictions and an asset freeze on those responsible for actions and policies that threaten the peace, security, or stability of Mali. The US started property blocking and entry restriction measures in its sanctions program in July 2019.

The EU has a sanctions program on Moldova which relates to the campaign against Latin script schools in the Transnistrian region.

The EU has a specific sanctions program on Montenegro which bans the satisfying of certain claims over transactions prohibited by the UN Security Council Resolution 757(1992) and related resolutions. The US has a Balkans sanctions program.

The EU has sanctions program on Myanmar/Burma. Some US sanctions restrictions are still in place on Myanmar, but there is no formal US country sanctions program.

The US has a sanctions program on Nicaragua which targets serious human rights abuses, undermining of democracy, corruption and threats to peace, stability and security.

The US, the EU and the UN have sanctions programs in place to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

The UN and the EU have restrictive measures on North Korea relating to the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The US has a comprehensive sanctions program on North Korea. The US CAATSA sanctions program also targets North Korea.

In April 2003, the US President signed the Clean Diamond Trade Act, which requires the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for rough diamonds (KPCS) to be implemented in the US. In July 2003, the US President issued E.O. 13312, “Implementing the Clean Diamond Trade Act”.

UNSCR 68/262 and other measures over Russia’s annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol, threats to territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine, and misappropriation of Ukraine state funds are behind the EU and US sanctions programs on Ukraine/Russia. The CAATSA US sanctions program also targets Russia, as does the Magnitsky sanctions program.

The EU has a specific sanctions program on Serbia prohibiting the satisfying of certain claims in relation to transactions that have been prohibited by the UN Security Council Resolution 757(1992) and related resolutions. The US has a Balkans sanctions program.

The US, EU and UN all have specific sanctions measures and sanctions programs which focus on targeting those who would undermine stability in Somalia.

The US, EU and UN all have specific sanctions measures and sanctions programs which focus on the situation in Sudan and Darfur.

The US, EU and UN all have specific sanctions measures and sanctions programs which include the targeting of Sudan

The US, EU and UN all have specific sanctions measures and sanctions programs which include the targeting of South Sudan.

The US, EU and UN all have specific sanctions measures and sanctions programs which include the targeting of Syria.

The US, EU and UN all have specific sanctions measures and sanctions programs which include the targeting of the Taliban and its activities.

The UN, US and the EU all have specific sanctions measures and sanctions programs to combat terrorism.

The UN, US and the EU all have specific sanctions measures and sanctions programs to combat terrorism, with ISIL/Da’esh and Al-Qaida amongst those targeted.

The US Transnational Criminal Organizations sanctions program began in 2011 when the US President issued E.O. 13581 declaring a national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the US by transnational criminal organizations.

The EU adopted sanctions on Tunisia in 2011. The aim of the measures is to recover the assets misappropriated from Tunisia.

UNSCR 68/262 and other measures regarding Russia’s annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol, threats to territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine, and misappropriation of Ukraine state funds are behind the EU and US sanctions programs on Ukraine/Russia.

UNSCR 68/262 and other measures over Russia’s annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol, threats to territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine, and misappropriation of Ukraine state funds are behind the EU and US sanctions programs on Ukraine/Russia. The CAATSA US sanctions program also targets Russia, as does the Magnitsky sanctions program.

The EU has a sanctions program on the US which targets the effects of the extra-territorial application of certain legislation adopted by the US.

The EU and the US have sanctions programs on Venezuela due to the continuing issues of democracy, rule of law and human rights.

The UN, US and the EU have sanctions programs on Yemen which target threats to peace, stability and security.

The US and the EU have sanctions programs on Zimbabwe due to concerns about the government of Zimbabwe.